Labourbased methods and technologies for employment. Labourbased methods and technologies for employment intensive construction works. A road project in qwa qwa which included approximately 120 000 m2 of paving resulted in. The unit cost of road construction in dollars per kilometer is the sum of the subunit costs of the road construction activities.
The purpose of this manual is to provide supervisors of labour based road construction works with an. This involves support in the development of curricula, training programmes, training material, as well. Best practice guideline 2 labourbased construction. Using labourbased technology to build better roads. Identify and interpret construction contract documents.
Construction and maintenance takes place with local labour, supported by. Topics covered include the design, selection and use of intermediate equipment for a labor force. Labourbased road construction brings together uptodate, undocumented information on the practices of labourbased road construction in low income countries around the world. Labourbased construction methods for earthworks page 15 april, 2004. When considering the use of labourbased technology in road works projects, it is important to acknowledge its limitations. The labourbased technology source book 5 the employmentintensive investment programme of the ilo the employmentintensive investment programme eiip of the ilo is among the best known of all of the iloos worldwide technical cooperation activities. A compilation of uptodate, undocumented information on the practices of laborbased road construction in low income countries around the world.
Factors influencing construction labour productivity. Handbook sustainable communitymanaged and labourbased. Labourbased road construction development bookshelf. Ongoing construction works construction of the road began in spring 2016. Current practices on labour management in building construction projects. The construction of physical infrastructure is contributory for poverty alleviation in every country. For the past two decades this programme, with strong donor support, has. Labourbased road construction and maintenance technology table of contents 1 appropriate road works technology in developing countries 1. The approach is based on maintenance of road network in fair or good. Pdf challenges facing labourintensive public works. Current practices on labour management in building. Although governments response to labour based technology in road construction remains slow, experiences in sironko and mbale have shown that it. Challenges facing labourintensive public works programmes and projects in south africa article pdf available in international journal of construction management 72. Earthworks are at the core of most civil engineering construction, especially road construction.
This unit standard is intended for those who work in road construction and maintenance performing labour based works. Construction practices and procedures manual it has long been recognised that the existing departmental contract procedures and related documentation, need to be updated in order to ensure that the department can operate more efficiently and effectively whilst producing field work of a consistently high quality. Expanding laborbased methods for road works in africa. People holding credit for this unit standard are able to. However, even with good supervision some tasks are difficult or impossible to achieve manually.
Licensing agency, 90 tottenham court road, london w1t 4lp fax. The purpose of this manual is to provide technical staff from supervisors to engineers with a field reference which in detail explains and prescribes the work methods and technical standards applied when constructing rural roads using labourbased methods in lao pdr. Techical manual labourbased road construction methods, laos. This cost estimation manual for road maintenance under performance based contract hereinafter referred. Road construction material usually comprising a mixture of bitumen and aggregate, also known as hotmix or. Communitybased labourintensive construction2 of the amadiba road, which stretches for forty kilometres from a blacktopped provincial road r61 to the mtentu estuary, began in january 2002. Laborbased road construction and maintenance is a generally accepted practice in many parts of the world. Manual for the labourbased construction of bituminous. Laborbased construction and maintenance 1 background 1. Manual for supervision of labourbased road rehabilitation works. Involving rural people in road construction and maintenance evidence from many countries in africa, asia and latin america shows that involving local people in labourbased road construction and maintenance can provide valuable employment for poor people and can help empower women and disadvantaged groups. Labourbased works and services such as repair and maintenance of drainage, vegetation, road cleanliness, and provision of a self control unit for self management of road maintenance.
Laborbased technology in road works is an approach in which major means of production or input of labor is performed with nonmechanical tools. It resulted in the generation of hundreds of thousands of years of productive employment and the construction and maintenance of. In the intervening period leading up to the commencement of the construction activities, a firm. As potholes constitute a hazard to traffic they should be repaired as soon as is practically possible. It is therefore stressed that the preparation of the existing road and materials used must meet. Construction labor productivity and its improvement. In a large programme, training is a continuous activity, which requires training staff and related resources committed to the programme on a permanent basis. Pdf contractors handbook labourbased road works republic of. By july 2017, the following outputs had been achieved. The road is one of the major components which is very significant in ethiopia due to lack of highly developed infrastructure, particularly in the. Construction of low volume sealed roads i the guideline is primarily targeted at smallscale contractors and their supervisors who are involved in low. Check for general conditions, specifications and all. The findings reveals that the participation of lbc in rural road works in tanzania is low in terms of number of lb projects advertised, number of district participating lbc, lb works awarded to lbc and road maintenance activities used labour based methods.
It draws on the experiences of practitioners working in the field who describe tried and tested ideas, as well as looking at failures and their causes. Construction productivity is of interest to researchers and practitioners because of its impact on the performance of construction projects. Implementation was based upon the intellectual framework provided by the world bank and the international labour organisation. Labourbased construction methods for earthworks page 1. Analysis of participation of labour based road contractors. Labourbased project i road construction projects1 was that identification of suitably experienced namibian contractors was difficult, despite the conclusion of an earlier training programme in 1997. This manual is a guide to the construction of new bituminous surfacings on unpaved low trafficked roads in tropical countries using labourbased methods. Labourintensive construction and maintenance in sub. When projects are planned and budgeted based on historical data, it is important to consider the differentiators and variables unique to. Often, and especially if the stone chippings have not been precoated, diluted emulsion is applied as a second spray application. Cost estimation manual for road maintenance works 2011.
The use of labour based methods for road construction is now widely practised in many developing countries. Basic road construction activities can be categorized as either. The road construction activities considered here are surveying. Road maintenance and regravelling romar using labour. Road maintenance and regravelling romar using labourbased methods. For example, tasks such as setting out the road geometry. Based on that it is necessary to research the construction of slope reinforcement with low cost and easy in its. For centuries earthworks have been executed using employment intensive methods and there is. The existing rural road network consists of approximately 11,600 km of provincial and local roads. The productivity of labour is particularly important. Cape seal definition a cape seal is in effect a single seal with the spaces between the chippings filled with slurry. Road construction page 14 module 1 appropriate road works technology. Labourbased road construction and maintenance technology.
A key question is whether it is possible to achieve sufficient production rates when applying labourbased work methods. There are direct and indirect costs associated with the labor. Labourbased construction of bituminous surfacings can be very effective providing there is good roadside drainage and the underlying road surface is sufficiently stable and the workmanship is to a good standard. Cscc construction specification conformance checklists. Paul larcher intermediate technology publications, institute of development engineering, london, 1998, 125pp. We fully support the use of such methods, where appropriate, and there are numerous benefits where these methods.
To establish a cadre of local smallscale contractors capable of undertaking road construction and maintenance works using labourbased methods. Labour based road construction download ebook pdf, epub. Labor requirement for various construction works the cost of construction project highly depends on the requirements of labor for various activities during construction. To establish a cadre of local smallscale contractors capable of undertaking road construction and. The centrefold focuses on productivity norms for various operations in rural road construction and various systems of apportioning work on a labourbased site. These efforts have proved insufficient for expanding laborbased methodstheir use often collapsed soon after the pilot ended.
The use of concrete block paving for the construction of roads is particularly suitable for labour based construction, due to the fact that it is already labour intensive. Labourbased road construction looks at the design, selection, and use of intermediate equipment for labour forces. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. It draws on the experiences of practitioners working in this field who describe tried and tested ideas, and also looks at failures and their causes. Pdf comparative study of laborbased method and machine.
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